Algorithmic Techniques for Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum Computers

The field of quantum computing is generating huge excitement within the scientific community and beyond. The promise of quantum computing is to solve many different problems in number theory and physics more efficiently than classical computing architectures. However, key engineering challenges remain and the full power of quantum computing appears to be a distant prospect. Nevertheless, in recent years small scale, noisy quantum computing devices have become widely available. This has resulted in the so-called Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum Computing era (NISQ). In this thesis we present an overview of current techniques employed in attempt to obtain useful computation using these small, noisy quantum computers. The aim of this thesis is to provide the reader with a good understanding of both the underlying principles behind these techniques and their practical utility, with a particular focus on error mitigation, quantum simulation and variational quantum algorithms.

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