I discuss the role of quantum effects in the phenomenology of effective supergravity theories from compactification of the weakly coupled heterotic string. An accurate incorporation of these effects requires a regularization procedure that respects local supersymmetry and BRST invariance and that retains information associated with the effective cut-offs, which have physical meaning for an effective theory. I briefly outline the Pauli-Villars regularization procedure, describe some applications, and comment on what remains to be done to fully define the effective quantum field theory.
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