Bell inequalities in the age of quantum technologies

Bell's theorem constitutes a milestone in the understanding of nature, since it states that no physical theory based only on local variables can account for all the predictions of quantum theory. Despite its marked fundamental character, it is now the basis of a plethora of methods that aim to find the limits of quantum mechanics, and to certify that quantum technologies actually exploit quantum properties. In the first part of this talk I will give an overview of Bell's theorem and the journey towards its experimental demonstration (whose pioneers were awarded the Nobel Prize of 2022). In the second one, I will show how generalizations of Bell's theorem are used nowadays for certifying quantum phenomena, especially in quantum communication and simulation scenarios, and discuss future avenues.

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